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This report highlights gaps in measuring climate-related loss and damage, both economic and non-economic. It calls for improved tools, integrating local knowledge, and global cooperation to better manage climate risks. It provides a framework to better understand and quantify these impacts, ensuring that policy responses are tailored to local needs and vulnerabilities.

Key recommendations include:

• Develop tools to quantify both economic and non-economic loss and damage.
• Incorporate local knowledge in risk assessments.
• Strengthen international collaboration for climate risk management.
• Ensure that policy responses are tailored to socio-economic and cultural contexts.