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This concept note outlines the critical need for enhanced Early Warning Systems (EWS) to detect water contamination from nuclear fission plants. It emphasizes real-time monitoring, tailored systems based on local conditions, and international collaboration to prevent and manage radioactive risks.

Recommendations of this note include:

• Tailor EWS to the specific local hydrological and environmental conditions including local hydrologicaldata and environmental quality standards to ensure accurate and relevant monitoring.
• Foster international collaboration and information-sharing to develop standardised protocols forhandling nuclear water contamination incidents e.g. data formats, measurement units, and reportingprotocols, that enhance cross-border cooperation and response efforts.
• Invest in research on effective remediation techniques such as bioremediation and advanced filtrationsystems. Sustainable solutions for mitigating the impact of nuclear pollution are essential for long-termenvironmental and public health protection.