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This study, developed by experts from the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security and the Duke-Margolis Center for Health Policy, presents a detailed framework for assessing and mitigating the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in K-12 schools across the United States. It aims to guide school administrators in making informed decisions about safe school reopening and operations during the COVID-19 pandemic. The report emphasizes the dual importance of maintaining educational access and protecting public health, especially among vulnerable populations, through the implementation of layered safety measures and targeted testing strategies.

The report outlines a three-part risk assessment model—evaluating the likelihood of virus introduction, onward transmission, and consequences of outbreaks within schools. It introduces tailored testing protocols (diagnostic, screening, and surveillance) based on community transmission levels and available resources. High-frequency testing with rapid result turnaround, combined with mitigation strategies like masking and ventilation, is recommended for effective outbreak prevention. The study also stresses the need for clear communication, data-driven policy making, and ongoing adaptation as new evidence emerges. It advocates for pilot testing programs and real-world studies to refine strategies and highlights equity issues, particularly the heightened risks faced by children of color and those with preexisting conditions.